Table 1

Scenario for Example 1

Variables and parameters characterizing the set-up
Values of parameters and variables

Stratification/Proxy Z (with J strata)
Past work in metal industry

No: Z = 1

Yes: Z = 2

Phase One prevalence among controls (τ0j)
Z = 1: τ01 = 80%

Z = 2: τ02 = 20%*

Risk factor X (with K outcomes)
Exposure to MWF

No: X = 1

Yes: X = 2

Disease Model (Odds Ratios) (ψk)
ψ1 = 1: baseline risk

ψ2 = 2#

Phase Two prevalence of X among controls by stratum (π0jk)
Z = 1: π011 = 97.5%, π012 = 2.5%&
Z = 2: π021 = 75%, π022 = 25%@

*20% prevalence of having worked in the metal industry

#Exposure to MWF doubles the risk of bladder cancer

&Among non-metal-industry workers, 2.5% exposed to MWF

@Among metal-industry workers, 25% exposed to MWF

Wild et al. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations 2008 5:4   doi:10.1186/1742-5573-5-4